At the beginning of the 19th century, rural Jewry in Alsace was flourishing despite antisemitic riots. During the 19th century, Jewish rural communities began to dissolve through rural exodus or emigration, relocation to France after the Franco-Prussian War and the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by the German Reich. At the beginning of the 20th century, resettlement to larger cities continued this trend. The expulsion and murder by the National Socialists put an abrupt end to the rural Jewry that had remained. Using various sources in the centuries-old colloquial language Jeddisch-Daitsch, the article presents Alsatian rural Jewry in its transformation and struggle for identity.